![]() ![]() Suppose we are given the string AABC, with a repeated letter. In the actual question, the string might have repetitions. We call this "3 factorial" and write \$3! = 6\$. Then the permutations are: ABC ACB BAC BCA CAB CBAīut we can count them by observing that there are 3 choices for the first letter, 2 for the second, and one for the third, hence the total number of permutations is \$3 × 2 × 1 = 6\$. Supposing that you knew that the string you are given has no repeated characters, for example ABC. Let's take a simpler example to show how this might work. It would be better to count them directly, via some kind of a mathematical formula. But your implementation goes and constructs all the permutations themselves, only to throw them all away again. In this question you are asked to compute the number of permutations. Test it with the following and you will get the desired output.One of the best ways to make a program faster is not to compute things that you don't have to. This approach only uses the minimum python methods and I consider it a beginner friendly and easy-to-understand approach. The remove function takes a list and an index and returns a new list without the element in that index. this element is added to all the permutations of the remaining elements (If you use a pen and paper and walk through the procedure of the function step by step it will be much easier to understand). Using this logic, the permutations function takes each element from the array and sets it as the first element of the resulting permutation (this is the outer loop). 2 - otherwise, note that in a permutation each element can occur as the first element. This is the base of the recursive function. The permutations function does the following: 1 - if the input is empty then we do not have any permutations instead of the empty string so the result will be. You can solve the problem as following: def permutations (arr): Print(stringPermutations('aba','', permutation_list)) Return sorted(list(omkeys(permutation_list))) StringPermutations(rem, prefix + string, permutation_list) def stringPermutations(string, prefix, permutation_list): I think the below approach is quite reasonable. Time complexity with this approach is: o(n^2) # To Remove Duplicates From a Python List: list(omkeys(res))īut this answer is not appropriate as per time complexity. Res.append(permutation + news + permutation) I modified this by bit here def stringPermutations(s):įor permutation in stringPermutations(news): ![]() So, if you see, it has following duplicates in the output: basically all the given approach here ignoring if there are any duplicates. These examples codes are really helpful but I found a test case failed when I was doing a code practice on CodeSignal. ("cbd", )ĭef test_string_permutations(_string, perms):Īssert set(permutations(_string)) = set(perms) # use recursion, add the currect character to done part and mark rest as remaining # part minus the currect character we use in the loop # we dont want to repeat occurance of any character so pick the remaining # we iterate over the remaining part and indexing each character # if there is nothing left we can appened generated string # remain is the set of characters we will use # done is the part we consider "permutated" This is the easiest solution I came up with. Otherwise, for all permutations not including the last character in the string s, we generate a new string for each position where we could include that character and append the new string to our current list of permutations. The following code returns a list of one character if the string has one character or less. ![]() We can continue building larger and larger permutations by adding an additional character at all possible positions in each earlier permutation. How can we generate the next permutation given the last one? Adding an additional letter 'a' at all possible positions in the previous permutation 'c' gives us 'ca', 'ac'. What happens when there's only one character 'c'? There's only one permutation of that element, and so we return a list containing only that element. Recursively, think about the base case and build from that intuition. ![]()
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